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import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class PrintFormat {
    private static final Pattern PATTERN = Pattern.compile("%%|%0??[0-9]*?l??[dfcsxX]");

    public static String format(String aFormat, Object... aValues) {
        StringBuilder tBuffer = new StringBuilder();
        int tValueIndex = 0;

        Matcher tMatcher = PATTERN.matcher(aFormat);
        int tPreviousIndex = 0;

        while (tMatcher.find()) {
            tBuffer.append(aFormat, tPreviousIndex, tMatcher.start());
            tPreviousIndex = tMatcher.end();
            String tMatch = tMatcher.group();
            if (tMatch.equals("%%")) {
                tBuffer.append('%'); // エスケープ
                continue;
            }
            boolean tZeroPadding = tMatch.startsWith("%0");
            boolean tLongType = tMatch.indexOf('l') >= 0;
            int tDigitNumber = 0;
            if (Character.isDigit(tMatch.charAt(1))) {
                tDigitNumber = Integer.parseInt(tMatch.substring(tZeroPadding ? 2 : 1, tMatch.length() - (tLongType ? 2 : 1)));
            }

            Object tValue = aValues[tValueIndex++];
            if (tMatch.endsWith("c")) {
                tBuffer.append(tValue);
            } else if (tMatch.endsWith("f")) {
                tBuffer.append(padding(tValue.toString(), tDigitNumber, tZeroPadding));
            } else if (tMatch.endsWith("d")) {
                tBuffer.append(padding(tValue.toString(), tDigitNumber, tZeroPadding));
            } else if (tMatch.endsWith("s")) {
                tBuffer.append(padding(tValue.toString(), tDigitNumber, tZeroPadding));
            } else if (tMatch.endsWith("x")) {
                if (tLongType) {
                    tBuffer.append(padding(Long.toHexString((Long) tValue), tDigitNumber, tZeroPadding));
                } else {
                    tBuffer.append(padding(Integer.toHexString((Integer) tValue), tDigitNumber, tZeroPadding));
                }
            } else if (tMatch.endsWith("X")) {
                if (tLongType) {
                    tBuffer.append(padding(Long.toHexString((Long) tValue).toUpperCase(), tDigitNumber, tZeroPadding));
                } else {
                    tBuffer.append(padding(Integer.toHexString((Integer) tValue).toUpperCase(), tDigitNumber, tZeroPadding));
                }
            }
        }

        tBuffer.append(aFormat, tPreviousIndex, aFormat.length());
        return new String(tBuffer);
    }

    private static String padding(String aText, int aLength, boolean aZeroPadding) {
        if (aLength == 0) {
            return aText; // 長さ指定なし
        }

        int tDelta = aLength - aText.length();
        if (tDelta < 0) {
            return aText.substring(-tDelta); // 長すぎる
        } else if (tDelta == 0) {
            return aText; // ぴったり
        }

        StringBuilder tBuilder = new StringBuilder(aLength);
        for (int i = 0; i < tDelta; i++) {
            tBuilder.append(aZeroPadding ? '0' : ' ');
        }
        tBuilder.append(aText);

        return new String(tBuilder);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(format("abcdefg", new Object[] {}));
        System.out.println(format("abc%%defg", new Object[] {}));
        System.out.println(format("abc%ld%de\\fg", new Object[] { 10L, 10 }));
        System.out.println(format("%%c = %c.", new Object[] { 'あ' }));
        System.out.println(format("%%f = %f.", new Object[] { 10.5 }));
        System.out.println(format("%%8ld = %8ld.", new Object[] { 10L }));
        System.out.println(format("%%8d = %8d.", new Object[] { 10 }));
        System.out.println(format("%%s = %s.", new Object[] { "abcdefg" }));
        System.out.println(format("%%08s = %08s.", new Object[] { "abcdefg" }));
        System.out.println(format("%%08x = %08x.", new Object[] { 10 }));
        System.out.println(format("%%08X = %08X.", new Object[] { 10 }));
    }
}